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The base of the tower crane is typically bolted to a big concrete pad that provides very necessary support. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Often, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is usually a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized in order to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially due to their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be transported to the construction location by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machinery part of the crane and the jib. These sections are then connected to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be some of the other industrial equipment which is used to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height could match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 6.1m or twenty feet. Next, the crane operator utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
Utilizing a Standard Counterbalance Forklift
1 Carry out a pre-shift check prior to using the equipment. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines state that a pre-shift checklist must be done at the start of every work shift. Each and every different equipment as well as its attachments has its own checklist listing lights, emergency brakes, steering, brakes, controls, horn and safety features.
2 Start up the machine and check controls. Primarily ensure your seatbelt is fastened and the seat is firmly in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look under the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every type of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation as opposed to a standard vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift occurs because of the fact that the truck steers with its rear wheels. Forgetting this detail is a major reasons for accidents and injuries to employees. The nearly 90-degree turn from the front wheels must be made with great care. These top-heavy machinery have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or moving a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 When traveling, keep the forks near the floor and use care when approaching loads. Make sure that the forks line up with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is necessary, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is very bulky that it interferes with the vision of the driver.
5 Check the wheels on trailers/trucks prior to loading and unloading. Do not travel on slopes, especially when carrying a load. The equipment could tip over on a slope. When driving on an incline is unavoidable, always drive up the slope and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver must be firmly in control all the time. The primary reason for operator injuries is tip-over. The operator should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
