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Side-loaders were originally designed in the beginning of the 1950s by Henry Le Grande Lull from the Lull Manufacturing Company. These units were made in response to a request from the US Air Force. The original idea was patented for commercial use but it was not developed until Lull Manufacturing was taken over in 1959 by the Baker Raulang Company. It was Baker Raulang who put the design into production. Afterward, the name was changed to Baker Traveloader. In the latter part of the nineteen fifties, the side-loaders were launched in Europe. The early models were made by Italian manufacturer Fiora and the afterwards B-P Battioni e Pagani who pioneered the machine's utilization in timber yards.
Side-loaders differ a bit from forward traveling, counterbalance forklifts in that they have their forks located on the side of the machine. The operator drives the machinery sitting inside a cabin similar to a standard forklift. The unloading, lifting and loading functions are done by the mast situated at the driver's right-hand side. The cargo is usually transported lying on a metal or wooden deck. This helps to decrease distortion, stress and damage to the cargo. Recent innovations to the side-loader design have incorporated a large variety of lifting accessories being developed.
The use of side-loaders rather than the reach-stackers or conventional forklifts: safer operating conditions, improved visibility, and the ability to use available space more effectively as well as faster traveling speeds.
To be able to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed cargo is helpful to prevent lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is extremely important that the designers of containers and handling machines take this into account during the engineering process. Like for example, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50 percent of the length of the container measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
